Circle's NYSE debut under ticker CRCL saw its stock triple the $31 IPO price, triggering multiple trading halts due to volatility. 

Daily top performer — TRON Network (TRX)

The S&P 500 fell 0.53% as labor data weakened and Trump’s clash with Musk dragged Tesla shares down 14.3%. Gold holds above $3,350 as traders await US jobs data. A weak NFP could boost prices, while strong numbers may weigh on the metal. Bullish trend remains intact above key support. The Coindesk Indices, which tracks the broader crypto market, fell 4.90%, with Bitcoin and Ether down 2.94% and 7.90%, respectively in the past 24 hours. Trade these markets and more with up to 500x leverage on Bybit MT5 using this 

Today’s top performer is TRX, up 1.4% after AEON integrated TRON to enable seamless in-store crypto payments across Southeast Asia.

TRON Network (TRX), founded in 2017, is a fast, low-fee blockchain platform for dApps, smart contracts, and digital content sharing. Governed by TRON DAO, it uses its native token TRX for transactions and governance, aiming to empower creators and users by removing intermediaries. AEON has 

 the TRON network to enable seamless in-store payments using TRX, USDT, and USDD via AEON Pay. This move expands TRON's utility across 20 million merchants in Southeast Asia and supports AEON’s mission to make crypto payments fast, affordable, and widely accessible in real-world retail settings.

Check out the latest prices, charts, and data of 

 under ticker CRCL saw its stock triple the $31 IPO price, triggering multiple trading halts due to volatility. The USDC issuer, now a public company with a $61B market cap stablecoin, raised $1.1B after an oversubscribed IPO. The surge reflects growing institutional belief in stablecoins as core to modern finance, as Circle positions itself ahead of central bank digital currency competition.

Yesterday, BTC spot ETFs saw $278.4M in net outflows, with $254.3M from non-GBTC funds and $24.1M from GBTC.

 is a new AI-powered crypto assistant that lets users perform tasks like swaps, transfers, and portfolio tracking using natural language commands — no smart wallet setup required. The platform recently raised $3M and launched a points program, which could lead to a future airdrop. Users earn points by interacting with the AI, completing tasks, and optionally minting an NFT from its official collection.

Beginner

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Circle soars on NYSE debut as CRCL triples IPO price amid stablecoin optimism

Space and Time (SXT) offers real-time blockchain data access with ZK-proof integrity, enabling fast, secure SQL queries across on-chain and off-chain data.

Blockchain networks contain incredible amounts of data that may provide valuable insights for analysis and serve as inputs for apps, databases and analytics platforms. Unfortunately, data held in decentralized ledgers is mostly unstructured and expensive to access, and might not be verified for accuracy. For instance, when blockchain validators approve transaction blocks based on the respective consensus model used by the network, they simply confirm the correct format of the data. 

In order to enhance the accuracy and validity of such data, the blockchain industry has implemented a range of solutions, including 

. Unfortunately, standard ZK technology may involve complex data processing, and can become computationally expensive and poorly scalable. Even when implemented efficiently, ZK proofs don’t make blockchain data more accessible, though they do ensure data integrity and security.

Space and Time (SXT) is a decentralized platform that aspires to become a unified, structured warehouse of on-chain and off-chain data, enabling easy, quick and inexpensive access supported by ZK-proven data validation. The platform sources data from numerous blockchains and Web 2.0 systems, generates and stores cryptographic references for the data, organizes it in the standard relational database format and lets external sources — including data-driven applications and smart contracts — query it using the good ol’ SQL, a database query tool ubiquitously known in the developer and analyst communities. 

 modular decentralized network that acts as an enormous warehouse of on-chain and off-chain data from various sources.

 It securely pulls and indexes external data for easy access by 

 (DApps), protocols, enterprise systems and other platforms requiring flexible and efficient data usage. 

The Space and Time blockchain features cross-chain connectivity to several decentralized networks for data collection, including Ethereum (ETH), Bitcoin (BTC), ZKSync, 

 (POL), Sui (SUI) and Avalanche (AVAX). Web 2.0 systems and databases can also be used as off-chain data sources for the platform. 

Space and Time acquires on-chain and off-chain data, assigns cryptographic digital fingerprint references and securely stores the signed references. This ensures that any data you access via the platform is verified and can be obtained efficiently and inexpensively.

Developers and apps can run standard SQL queries on the data that Space and Time stores and organizes to feed it into their own systems or on-chain smart contracts, thus creating various use case opportunities to use the platform.

One potential use case is the tokenization of 

 (RWAs) into dynamic NFTs. Let’s say a real estate property is tokenized to be represented on-chain by an NFT that records its key parameters — market value, sale history, last renovation date and current rental income. As the parameters are updated in the real estate database connected to Space and Time, the updates are pulled in by the blockchain, verified cryptographically and sent to the NFT smart contract for relevant changes to the token’s dynamic values. 

Space and Time can also be used for enterprise auditing purposes. Auditors and regulators can run queries on the financial data uploaded by a business entity via Space and Time, knowing that the data has been verified for authenticity and accuracy, thanks to the platform’s use of cryptographic proofs.

 projects to automatically query Space and Time for necessary data to pull into their own applications, databases or smart contracts. The platform's use of the standard SQL format greatly simplifies the creation of such query agents and bots.

Space and Time has developed Proof of SQL™, a variation of ZK cryptographic proofs, to securely validate the authenticity and correctness of sourced data (which we'll touch upon later).

The Space and Time blockchain’s modular design features three specialized node types: Indexers, Validators and Provers. These nodes coordinate their work in order to complete the entire life cycle of data sourcing, validation, cryptographic reference storage and query retrieval. 

The entire process — from “ingesting” data to generating the final results for user queries — is based on 

Space and Time acts as a giant decentralized data warehouse that many entities across both the web3 and Web 2.0 domains can use to ensure they access structured and verified data. The primary records in the warehouse are tables that contain cryptographic references to the actual on-chain and off-chain data, which can be queried in a secure, scalable and efficient manner. 

Typical blockchain records on most networks represent vast piles of unstructured data from which it’s difficult to cross-verify or derive insights. Using Space and Time's data warehouse, apps and smart contracts can efficiently extract exactly what they need without combing the unstructured records held by numerous blockchains and Web 2.0 databases.

 is a custom-built, high-performance cryptographic proof. It attests that specific SQL queries have been executed in a valid and consistent way. Unlike generic ZK proofs, which confirm data’s validity without revealing all of its internal details, Proof of SQL proves that the results you get based on your query are exactly what you've requested. As a sub-second ZK coprocessor, Proof of SQL can aggregate and verify analytics over millions of rows within less than a second.

Developers can use Proof of SQL to generate cryptographic proofs from any SQL-compatible data source — centralized or decentralized — and return those proofs to smart contracts (on-chain) or external verifiers (off-chain).

, a Layer 1 network designed specifically to act as a tamperproof data repository. Together with its cryptographic proof mechanism (Proof of SQL) and the trio of node types, Space and Time’s blockchain creates opportunities for real-time data queries, updates and verifications for 

 management solutions, audit systems and other applications. 

In essence, any protocol, smart contract or app that requires quick access to data it doesn’t internally possess can benefit from using the SXT Chain.

ZK-based validation systems often have computational overheads that make them less than ideal for certain apps requiring quick data access for running front-end analytics or on-chain data queries. For such use cases, Space and Time offers a custom product, Managed DB via APIs, that enables running optimistically validated queries on blockchain data. Thanks to optimistic validation, it’s even more efficient to execute these queries and deliver results. 

A set of APIs facilitates efficient queries of underlying data via the Managed DB. The product lets you access all of the data held by the SXT Chain, as well as indexed blockchain data from numerous mainnet and testnet platforms.

Space and Time Studio. an easy-to-use platform that offers an AI-powered interface to develop SQL queries, uses natural language prompts. Users unfamiliar with SQL can easily generate queries by specifying their requirements to the AI tool.

 platform allows developers to simulate various tokenomics models, forecast their tokens’ performance and develop detailed analytics and dashboards related to their tokens’ economies. The platform acts as a simulation environment in which aspiring token issuers can model various elements of tokenomics, such as buybacks, burning models, staking, vesting and more.

Users can add and remove tokenomics elements. or adjust them to find optimal models. Price forecasts are generated by Space and Tokens to guide users on the possible outcomes of selecting specific tokenomics features. The platform even offers templates for token economies based on the parameters of distinguished and successful crypto projects, such as 

What is the Space and Time crypto token (SXT)?

The platform's native token, SXT, is designed for several key functions. One of these is staking. Validators stake the token to secure the right to perform their duties on the platform and earn staking rewards in SXT. The SXT Chain supports stake delegation — i.e., anyone who doesn't want to set up and run a validator node can delegate their SXT tokens to their chosen validator and earn a share of the staking rewards.

The platform's users — apps, external databases, smart contracts, oracles, analysts and any other entity that pulls data from Space and Time — pay to run their queries in SXT tokens.

Data publishers can earn SXT tokens by making their datasets available on Space and Time for other users to query. 

The project's white paper also specifies that SXT will be used for governance, with token holders voting on the platform's future direction and changes to it. 

SXT has a total and maximum supply of 5 billion tokens. The chart below shows its supply allocation shares.

Where to buy the Space and Time crypto token (SXT)

The SXT token is available on Bybit’s Spot market as a swap pair with the USDT stablecoin (

). You can also use the token for trading via Bybit’s 

, which allows you to automate your grid trading strategy to capitalize on asset price fluctuations by buying low and selling high at predetermined price points.

As of Jun 6, 2025, the SXT token has been on the market for nearly a month. It’s currently trading at $0.09376, a 42.3% drop from its all-time high of $0.1621 on May 8, 2025.

SXT’s long-term price outlook is quite bullish.DigitalCoinPrice 

 at $0.31 by 2027 and $0.49 by 2030, whilePricePrediction is 

Space and Time’s modular decentralized network has taken on an essential role in the blockchain industry. While popular blockchains store enormous amounts of data, few platforms currently act as centralized depositories in which this data may be indexed, stored, accessed or cross-verified. At the same time, the need for such a structured, easily accessible and industry-wide repository is evident — and the Space and Time network provides a viable solution. 

As more data moves to blockchain, Space and Time’s core service will prove increasingly relevant for analysts, developers, DApp operators, enterprises still reliant upon Web 2.0 systems and countless others who may use SQL to source both on-chain and off-chain data. 

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Space and Time (SXT): Real-time blockchain data with ZK integrity

Ditto is a liquid staking protocol built on Aptos that issues stAPT tokens to users who stake APT. Learn more here.

 infrastructure, but its native staking creates barriers that exclude everyday users from earning rewards. Traditional staking locks tokens indefinitely, demands technical expertise for validator operation and lacks delegation options for smaller holders.

Ditto addresses these limitations through its innovative 

 that transforms the way users interact with Aptos staking. This article examines Ditto's approach to flexible staking, the mechanics behind stAPT tokens and 

the opportunities Ditto creates for yield-seeking investors.

 protocol built on Aptos that issues stAPT tokens to users who stake APT. It transforms traditional staking from an illiquid commitment into a flexible investment that generates yields while stAPT tokens remain fully tradeable across the Aptos ecosystem.

stAPT is a yield-bearing token that users receive when staking APT through Ditto's liquid staking protocol. Each stAPT token represents a claim on the underlying staked APT, plus accumulated staking rewards within Ditto's validator pool.

Starting at a 1:1 ratio with APT, the stAPT exchange rate increases every epoch as staking rewards accumulate, allowing holders to redeem progressively more APT over time. The token addresses traditional staking's liquidity issue by remaining fully tradable and usable across Aptos DeFi while generating staking yields.

DTO is Ditto's governance token, which will enable decentralized control of the protocol while aligning incentives across users, validators and ecosystem partners. The token facilitates governance participation and helps bootstrap network effects to establish stAPT as the base token of Aptos DeFi.

With a planned initial supply of 1 billion tokens, DTO currently has no fixed launch date. Early users can participate in Ditto's pre-mining program to earn DTO discount tokens, which offer 50% discounts on future DTO purchases once the token becomes available.

Ditto was founded by a team whose focus was on solving Aptos staking limitations that prevented broader user participation. The founders recognized that native staking's illiquidity, high validator requirements and lack of delegation support created barriers for everyday users wanting to contribute to network security.

The project emerged from the belief that liquid staking would significantly benefit the Aptos ecosystem by democratizing access to staking rewards. By removing technical barriers and capital requirements, Ditto enables any APT holder to participate in network validation while maintaining their tokens’ liquidity.

Ditto tackles critical limitations that prevent broader participation in Aptos staking. Native staking locks tokens without liquidity, requires substantial capital for validator operation and demands technical expertise that excludes everyday users from earning staking rewards.

Beyond solving these immediate barriers, Ditto envisions stAPT becoming the foundational token for all Aptos DeFi activities. The protocol aims to transform the way users interact with the Aptos ecosystem by providing a liquid, yield-generating asset that maintains all the utility of native APT.

Ditto provides multiple pathways for users to stake, unstake and trade stAPT according to their specific needs and time preferences. It combines direct protocol interactions with broader DeFi integration to ensure maximum flexibility and liquidity for all participants.

Users stake APT tokens through Ditto's interface to receive stAPT at the current exchange rate, which offers an approximately 7% annual yield as of June 2025. The staked APT joins Ditto's validator network, where professional node operators handle the technical aspects of validation while users earn rewards passively.

Ditto charges a 10% fee on staking rewards, which is split between the protocol treasury and validators. This fee structure aligns incentives by compensating validators for their services while funding protocol development and ecosystem partnerships.

Ditto provides instant unstaking through a dedicated APT pool reserved specifically for immediate withdrawals. Users can instantly convert stAPT back to APT by paying a fee, although this service depends upon pool availability and may become temporarily unavailable if the pool is depleted. This feature ensures stAPT maintains high liquidity and fungibility with APT, thereby supporting healthy DeFi integration across the ecosystem. 

The instant unstaking option proves critical for maintaining stAPT's utility in time-sensitive trading and 

For fee-free unstaking, Ditto offers a delayed option that processes withdrawals at the end of staking subscription periods, potentially taking up to 30 days. This mechanism ensures users always have an exit path, regardless of instant pool availability.

The delayed unstaking feature provides an important arbitrage mechanism that helps maintain the stAPT-APT peg. By guaranteeing eventual redemption at the actual exchange rate, this option adds security and confidence to the broader stAPT ecosystem.

Ditto establishes stAPT-APT liquidity pools across major Aptos DEXs, creating alternative trading routes for users who prefer market-based exchanges over protocol unstaking. These pools enhance overall stAPT liquidity while offering flexible entry and exit options for different trading strategies.

Ditto implements a 10% fee on all staking rewards earned by the protocol. Fee distribution occurs through additional stAPT minting each epoch to ensure transparent and automated reward sharing. This mechanism maintains protocol sustainability while incentivizing high-quality validator services and continued development.

Ditto has successfully launched its liquid staking protocol on the Aptos mainnet, establishing the foundation for stAPT adoption across the ecosystem. The platform currently processes over 53,000 APT in total staked value, while maintaining a 7% annual yield for participants. Ditto launched its pre-mining program alongside mainnet deployment, allowing users to stake stAPT and LP tokens for DTO discount token rewards. 

Looking ahead, Ditto plans to launch the DTO governance token while expanding stAPT integrations across major Aptos DeFi protocols. Future development will focus on deepening the utility of stAPT through partnerships with lending protocols, stablecoin projects and NFT marketplaces. The team aims to establish stAPT to be as ubiquitous as native APT within the Aptos ecosystem, supporting the vision of liquid staking as a foundational pillar of DeFi.

Ditto solves Aptos staking's core limitation by enabling users to earn staking yields without sacrificing liquidity while they participate in DeFi. With over 53,000 APT already staked, Ditto proves that demand exists for accessible staking solutions that remove technical barriers.

Ditto’s combination of automatic yield accrual, instant unstaking and zero-fee delayed withdrawals creates compelling advantages over traditional staking. With stAPT designed for widespread DeFi integration and DTO governance launching to decentralize the protocol even further, Ditto has positioned itself as essential infrastructure for Aptos's growth.

Intermediate

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Ditto (stAPT): Flexible staking for the Aptos ecosystem

Huma Finance (HUMA) pioneers PayFi, merging DeFi and real-world assets to power fast, borderless, programmable payments via blockchain technology.

Traditional payment systems — whether for individuals or enterprises — are plagued by inefficiencies. Cross-border transfers are painstakingly slow and costly, while access to credit is unevenly distributed. Furthermore, trust is often tied to outdated intermediaries and opaque infrastructure when transacting on these platforms.

In a world where real-time commerce and digital financial services require fast-paced and cost-efficient networks, these traditional systems fall short.

This groundbreaking protocol is designed to reimagine payments and lending by leveraging 

. With its innovative Payment Finance (PayFi) model. Huma enables programmable, on-chain cash flows that support use cases across various sectors.

 (DeFi) with real-world income streams, Huma is changing the way business is done to ensure a more inclusive, transparent and efficient global economy.

Huma Finance is the first Payment Finance (PayFi) protocol in the web3 space designed to provide 24/7 global blockchain-based payment solutions by leveraging stablecoins and on-chain liquidity.

Huma aims to counter the challenges plaguing traditional financial systems, such as slow transacting speed, high costs, opaque structures and use of third parties/intermediaries to process payments.

, Huma promises instantaneous and frictionless payments across borders. Catering to different stakeholders in the global economy, Huma taps into PayFi to accelerate the way money moves. Whether it’s suppliers seeking an affordable and fast payment option or people seeking to send money internationally, Huma will facilitate these payments with ease.

At the heart of this innovative PayFi protocol is the Huma crypto token, HUMA, which is used in Huma’s network for governance and as its utility token.

To deliver frictionless and borderless financial solutions, Huma Finance relies on the concept of PayFi to deliver programmable, blockchain-based products. PayFi is seen as the internet of money, providing an open-source technological infrastructure to cater to different facets of the financial world. From transactions to compliance to custody, PayFi can handle it.

To understand how Huma operates, let’s look at the six foundational pillars of its PayFi stack, which are the forces behind its ecosystem.

This is the backbone of Huma’s PayFi ecosystem. It manages critical network aspects, such as transaction costs, speed and security. For optimal operation, Huma’s PayFi leverages two blockchains — 

These two networks align with Huma’s use cases since they provide high speeds and low transaction costs without compromising security and decentralization.

This layer features the stablecoin aspect of the ecosystem. With stablecoins, payment systems remain exactly that — stable — despite the 

Through this layer, major stablecoins such as 

, can help facilitate seamless and compliant payments while providing much-needed stability for payment use cases. Other stablecoins, such as programmable stablecoins or yield-bearing stablecoins, can also be incorporated into this layer, which also allows integration with global financial systems in Europe, Asia and elsewhere.

The Custody Layer uses DeFi to provide the digital infrastructure for the custody of assets during transactions, as opposed to the physical intermediaries required by traditional money transfer solutions.

This pillar of the PayFi stack leverages blockchain to allow multiple parties to share custody over assets without slowing down transactions.

 asset management, and offers programmable asset locks and customization authorization mechanisms.

The Compliance Layer caters to regulatory requirements for stablecoin payment systems, especially those operating in heavily regulated jurisdictions, and facilitates real-time checks on compliance via features such as 

The Financing Layer leverages blockchain technology to provide transparency in capital demand and supply, which is usually an opaque aspect of TradFi. Through the use of 

, PayFi facilitates the automation of risk assessment by using real-world data. As such, pricing and structuring of assets are conducted transparently, rather than behind closed doors.

As PayFi's topmost layer, the Application Layer brings tangible financial tools to life that developers can incorporate into their creations. Through this layer, payment solutions such as crypto payment, 

 infrastructure, trade finance innovations, 

 and OTC services can be integrated into financial products.

Huma Finance's key products are Huma 2.0 (permissionless access) and Huma Institutional (permissioned access to institutional investors). Let’s take a deeper look at the two.

Launched in April 2025, Huma 2.0 (or simply Huma) is the protocol's entry into democratizing DeFi by allowing permissionless access to payment yields for different stakeholders.

Huma 2.0 is an upgrade from Huma Institutional, which only allowed permissioned access to institutions. Its key features are a dedicated 

 for interaction, Solana-powered liquidity pools, a dedicated price oracle and off-chain auto tasks to manage tasks in the pools.

Powered by Solana, Huma 2.0 leverages its high speed and low cost of transacting to provide investors with accelerated ways to make cross-border payments. Some Solana protocols integrated with the platform that offer instant liquidity are 

Huma 2.0 offers two modes for earning yield to liquidity providers (LPs) who lock up their HUMA tokens.. LPs can choose from the Classic mode, which generates stable yields (currently at 10.5% in liquidity pools on Solana) plus 

 rewards, or Maxi mode, which allows LPs to forego the APY on stable yields and maximize their Huma Feathers rewards.

You can also lock funds into Huma liquidity pools to generate passive rewards in the form of enhanced Huma Feathers. Huma offers varying lockup options: no lockup period, 3-month lockup or 6-month lockup. Your Feathers Rewards scale directly to your lockup duration.

While you can't shorten the lockup period, you can always extend it for better flexibility and control. You cannot redeem your funds before the lockup period is over, and any token transfer conducted during the set lockup time leads to forfeiture of the bonus earned.

Huma Institutional is a permissioned platform designed to provide institutional investors with decentralized credit opportunities backed by real-world assets (RWAs), such as invoices, inventory or intellectual property. It’s 

Stellar. It supports structured finance features such as tranches, tokenization and first-loss cover, allowing investors to participate in receivables-backed pools with customizable risk and yield profiles.

Huma Institutional uses a two-tranche system to manage credit risk and yield for institutional lenders:

Some investment pools may feature both tranches, while others might have only a junior tranche. Lenders choose which tranche to invest in, based on their risk tolerance and desired return. Investors looking for safer, more predictable income may invest in senior tranches, while those willing to take on more risk for higher yield may opt for junior tranches. Those who are interested in participating must undergo approval processes, including KYC/KYB checks and signing necessary legal documents.

Huma supports both fixed yield (whereby senior tranche returns are steady unless losses occur) and risk-adjusted yield (whereby a portion of senior tranche returns is redirected to junior tranches, based on pool structure). Pools enforce a maximum leverage ratio of 4:1 to protect senior capital, meaning that juniors must make up at least 20% of the pool.

While most pools on Huma are backed by income or receivables, first-loss covers serve as an added layer of protection for lenders to partially or fully absorb losses in the event of defaults. Each pool can have up to 16 types of first-loss cover, including collateral from borrowers and insurance.

Interaction between lenders and borrowers

Lenders provide liquidity to pools by investing in tranches. In return, they earn yields based on the performance of the underlying assets.

Borrowers, such as businesses needing financing, access funds by tokenizing their receivables. Depending upon the pool's terms, they’re obligated to make timely interest payments, and may need to make minimum principal repayments each period.

This system creates a transparent and efficient ecosystem in which lenders earn returns and borrowers gain access to necessary capital.

What is the Huma Finance crypto token (HUMA)?

The Huma Finance crypto token (HUMA) is the native utility and 

 for the Huma ecosystem. It's designed to provide long-term incentives to various stakeholders on Huma, such as liquidity providers and builders. Its key utilities are as follows:

HUMA has a maximum supply of 10 billion tokens, with an initial circulating supply of 1.73 billion. The tokens are distributed as shown in the chart below:

You can buy HUMA on Bybit as a Spot trading pair or a USDT Perpetual contract. To celebrate HUMA’s listing, Bybit is holding a Token Splash event in which 

 are up for grabs. The event runs through Jun 9, 2025, 9AM UTC, and is split into two parts:

As of Jun 6, 2025, HUMA is trading at $0.04173, a 64% drop from its all-time high of $0.1156 on May 26, 2025 and a 16.1% increase from its all-time low of $0.03589 on May 31, 2025.

Price prediction experts are conservatively bullish on HUMA's future price. According to CoinCodex, a price prediction platform, HUMA

 of $0.067 in 2027 but decline to $0.14 by 2030.

That said, such price prediction isn't investment advice, and doesn't guarantee the future price of HUMA. We highly recommend you 

 before investing in HUMA or any other cryptocurrencies.

As the first PayFi network in web3, Huma Finance is pioneering a transformative approach to global payments. By leveraging blockchain technology and stablecoins, Huma enables real-time, 24/7 settlements, effectively addressing the inefficiencies of traditional finance systems. Its modular PayFi Stack integrates Transaction, Currency, Custody, Compliance, Financing and Application layers in order to provide a comprehensive framework for seamless financial operations.

By tokenizing real-world assets, such as invoices and inventory, Huma offers businesses immediate access to liquidity, while investors benefit from sustainable, real-world yields.

With a transaction volume of over $4.6 billion and a focus on inclusivity, Huma Finance isn’t just redefining payment financing — it’s also setting the stage for a more efficient and accessible global financial ecosystem.

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Huma Finance (HUMA): Rewiring global payments with PayFi

Bybit Learn

TradFi

Explore how market psychology shapes crypto vs. stock trading—why emotions, hype, and volatility matter more in crypto than in traditional markets.

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 refers to the collective sentiment, attitudes and beliefs of all participants in a particular market. It's one of the key factors affecting prices and dynamics within that market. Market psychology is often contrasted with market fundamentals, as it's often driven by emotions, perceptions and investor 

, rather than hard data. It has the potential to influence prices strongly, and is one of the key variables that traders need to take into account in their market analyses.

 differ significantly in terms of their respective market psychology. The cryptocurrency market's 

, strong herd mentality, attractiveness to high-risk traders and susceptibility to online hype create for it a unique market environment. Thus, its psychology is rarely driven by the same forces that influence emotions within stock markets.

Crypto herd mentality vs. stock institutional behavior 

Herd mentality may affect all kinds of financial markets, but nowhere is it as starkly evident as in the crypto world. The cryptocurrency investor community is known for its strong convictions and ideals, sometimes sticking to them even when the hard data dictates otherwise. As crypto influencers and analysts promote these ideas, much of the rest of the crowd joins in, amplifying the messages and recruiting more believers. 

This also creates the effect of an echo chamber in which individuals actively seek information to confirm their beliefs or hopes. Crypto influencers and ordinary users on social media and discussion forums actively promote the same concepts [e.g., 

 (BTC) soon reaching $1 million], providing support to each other's already established assumptions.

Additionally, two psychological phenomena have been observed to strongly influence the crypto investor community: 

FOMO's effect is particularly notable regarding new coins that are expected to imminently become future stars of the market. A coin may be actively promoted online, with many users predicting it will shoot "to the moon." Investors who don't want to miss out on this purported great opportunity sink their funds into the coin, joining the FOMO crowd.

The FUD effect often rises over the crypto horizon when the market turns bearish, and many assets, including the leading ones (Bitcoin and 

) start losing ground. Panic sets in, with fears gathering about the future of the crypto you hold popping up in your mind, forcing you to react less than rationally.

In contrast to that of the crypto market, stock market psychology is less influenced by herd mentality, FOMO and FUD. Equity investors place far more emphasis on company news, macroeconomic data and actions of large institutional investors, i.e., the market’s major movers and shakers.

The crypto market is known for its higher volatility as compared to that of stocks. This spells both potentially better return opportunities and higher risks. Due to this property of the crypto market, it tends to attract investors with a penchant for risk. 

In contrast, stock market investors are generally more risk-averse. This difference in investor attitudes results in notably divergent market psychologies between cryptos and stocks.

Speculation and expectations of quick profits are prominent in the crypto market. Many crypto investors are trying to earn outsized returns by finding coins that promise explosive growth rates within the shortest time frames.

On the other hand, stock market investors are mainly driven by key fundamentals, such as profit & loss ratios, companies’ dividends histories and overall indicators of companies’ long-term financial health. 

As a result, the crypto market has a much higher proportion of participants with short-term investment outlooks — also a key contributor to the significantly different collective psychologies of the two markets.

Crypto investors tend to gravitate toward social media and online crypto news. Online discussions of coins — and predictions posted by influencers spread — like wildfire in the crypto world, strongly influencing investors’ perceptions, psychology and eventually their actions. 

On the other hand, the stock market is less reactive to online trends or hype. Stock market investors are more likely to patiently wait for key macroeconomic news, major company announcements and quarterly earnings reports posted by companies to help them decide on their courses of action. 

As a result, news and social media content have a much more impactful and immediate effect on the crypto market. For instance, a totally new cryptocurrency, often a 

, might be spun hard on social media, leading it to jump from obscurity to billions of dollars in market cap within days. 

 (PEPE), the crypto market's third-highest-capped meme coin (as of mid-May 2025). Launched on Apr 17, 2023, PEPE skyrocketed to a market cap of over $1.5 billion within 18 days of its market presence, thanks to heavy online promotion. Few companies in the stock market could ever dream of pulling off anything remotely similar.

Why understanding market psychology is crucial for traders 

Understanding crypto and equity market psychologies and their differences is crucial for traders, as market psychology is a key element affecting prices for both of these asset types. Stock investors have long used sentiment indicators, such as the CNN-published Fear & Greed Index, to gauge what emotions are prevailing. Although less established, similar indices are also available for crypto investors. Some of the more popular ones include the Crypto Fear and Greed indices published by 

In order to trade effectively, crypto investors are well advised to incorporate these indices into their decision-making as a complement to 

Additionally, and particularly when the market is in the grip of extreme emotions, applying some basic 

 strategies is essential. For fear-driven markets, setting 

, hedging and limiting your appetite for leverage are among the key recommendations. Meanwhile, for greed-driven markets, good strategies include placing 

 orders and sticking only to trades that meet your criteria to the dot, i.e., not chasing trades that might look tempting but don’t satisfy your defined limits.

Specifically for crypto, other sentiment data besides the major Fear and Greed indices (such as social media sentiment measures and on-chain analytics) should also be in your trading toolbox. 

And if you’re active in the stock market, use 

 data liberally as a vital addition to technical analysis. Some of the most useful fundamental data pieces for the stock market include macroeconomic indicators, global economic and political news, company announcements, industry reports and major government policies on trade and economy.

Market psychology is a powerful driver of prices and conditions in both the crypto and stock markets. Due to their inherent differences, these two markets feature vastly different psychologies. Herd mentality, online hype, the influence of news and social media discussions, speculative trader behavior and overall volatility are significantly higher in the crypto market, something to always keep in mind for anyone interested in successful cryptocurrency trading.

How market psychology differs between crypto and stocks — and why it matters

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How market psychology differs between crypto and stocks — and why it matters

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